WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:00.233 Feed your dog's wild side. 2 00:00:00.233 --> 00:00:02.369 - Come one man, teach us how to kill something. 3 00:00:02.369 --> 00:00:03.203 - [Narrator] Next. 4 00:00:03.203 --> 00:00:04.704 - Bitter. 5 00:00:04.704 --> 00:00:06.406 - [Narrator] On a special episode of Survival Science. 6 00:00:06.406 --> 00:00:07.707 - That's what you want it's idiot proof. 7 00:00:07.707 --> 00:00:08.608 There's no way to fail with this. 8 00:00:08.608 --> 00:00:10.143 - Perfect Laura. 9 00:00:10.143 --> 00:00:13.947 - [Narrator] Nick and Laura are deep in the wilderness. 10 00:00:13.947 --> 00:00:17.183 At survival school they'll master critical strategies 11 00:00:17.183 --> 00:00:20.220 every outdoorsman should know. 12 00:00:20.220 --> 00:00:21.755 (cheering) 13 00:00:21.755 --> 00:00:24.057 - Fire breathing dragon. 14 00:00:24.057 --> 00:00:26.059 - [Narrator] Whether you're lost, injured, 15 00:00:26.059 --> 00:00:27.494 starving, or worse. 16 00:00:27.494 --> 00:00:28.361 - That'll give you the beaver fever 17 00:00:28.361 --> 00:00:29.896 if you're not careful. 18 00:00:29.896 --> 00:00:31.097 - [Narrator] This training can mean the difference 19 00:00:31.097 --> 00:00:32.232 between life. 20 00:00:32.232 --> 00:00:34.134 - Seriously it's like phenomenal. 21 00:00:34.134 --> 00:00:35.769 - [Narrator] And death. 22 00:00:35.769 --> 00:00:38.438 - That's amazing. - Oh I'm stuck. 23 00:00:42.675 --> 00:00:44.811 - Hey everybody welcome back to Survival Science. 24 00:00:44.811 --> 00:00:46.679 You know Nick and I are all about breaking down 25 00:00:46.679 --> 00:00:48.281 life and death situations when it comes 26 00:00:48.281 --> 00:00:50.383 to spending time in the backcountry, 27 00:00:50.383 --> 00:00:52.352 and today we're pulling out all the stops. 28 00:00:52.352 --> 00:00:53.286 - That's right. 29 00:00:53.286 --> 00:00:56.489 We're going into survival mode. 30 00:00:56.489 --> 00:00:57.724 (moan) 31 00:00:57.724 --> 00:00:59.559 And we're going to see what happens 32 00:00:59.559 --> 00:01:00.894 when you get lost in the wilderness 33 00:01:00.894 --> 00:01:02.362 and what you can do to survive. 34 00:01:02.362 --> 00:01:03.563 - So we're up here in the mountains 35 00:01:03.563 --> 00:01:05.465 at the survival training school of California 36 00:01:05.465 --> 00:01:08.401 and we're going out into the wilderness with nothing. 37 00:01:08.401 --> 00:01:10.103 Not even your mascara. 38 00:01:10.103 --> 00:01:11.271 - I'll leave it at home. 39 00:01:11.271 --> 00:01:12.839 But we will have an instructor. 40 00:01:12.839 --> 00:01:13.940 He's going to teach us how to do things 41 00:01:13.940 --> 00:01:16.209 like purify water, find food, 42 00:01:16.209 --> 00:01:18.711 build a shelter, and maybe a little orienteering. 43 00:01:18.711 --> 00:01:20.613 So, if we do get caught in the wilderness, 44 00:01:20.613 --> 00:01:22.615 we'll know exactly how to survive. 45 00:01:22.615 --> 00:01:23.817 - You don't think we're going to have 46 00:01:23.817 --> 00:01:25.452 to eat any bugs today do you? 47 00:01:25.452 --> 00:01:26.619 - I hope so. 48 00:01:26.619 --> 00:01:27.654 - Of course you would say that. 49 00:01:27.654 --> 00:01:28.488 Let's go. 50 00:01:29.956 --> 00:01:31.791 - [Narrator] Thomas Coyne of the survival training school 51 00:01:31.791 --> 00:01:34.294 of California trains everyone 52 00:01:34.294 --> 00:01:38.364 from civilian outdoorsmen to elite military units. 53 00:01:38.364 --> 00:01:40.667 He's going to get Nick and Laura up to speed 54 00:01:40.667 --> 00:01:43.269 on his unique survival techniques. 55 00:01:43.269 --> 00:01:44.838 - Thomas, you're going to kind of walk us 56 00:01:44.838 --> 00:01:46.072 through survival training. 57 00:01:46.072 --> 00:01:47.740 Teach us what to do, how to survive. 58 00:01:47.740 --> 00:01:48.975 What are some of the things that we're going to do 59 00:01:48.975 --> 00:01:50.710 in your course? 60 00:01:50.710 --> 00:01:52.479 - Well right now we're going to get you ready 61 00:01:52.479 --> 00:01:54.481 for the most common survival situation 62 00:01:54.481 --> 00:01:55.715 'cause that's what you're most likely 63 00:01:55.715 --> 00:01:57.283 to face in the outdoors. 64 00:01:57.283 --> 00:02:00.520 The most common killer in the outdoors is exposure. 65 00:02:00.520 --> 00:02:03.289 - [Narrator] Each year, over 1300 people die 66 00:02:03.289 --> 00:02:05.558 from exposure in the wilderness. 67 00:02:05.558 --> 00:02:06.659 The colder it gets, 68 00:02:06.659 --> 00:02:08.328 (screams) 69 00:02:08.328 --> 00:02:10.096 the harder it becomes for the body 70 00:02:10.096 --> 00:02:13.032 to maintain a consistent internal temperature. 71 00:02:13.032 --> 00:02:14.868 (screaming) 72 00:02:14.868 --> 00:02:17.971 Lessons Nick and Laura learned the hard way. 73 00:02:17.971 --> 00:02:19.506 - Oh my gosh. 74 00:02:19.506 --> 00:02:20.707 - So first things first, 75 00:02:20.707 --> 00:02:22.842 in cold weather and high altitude like this, 76 00:02:22.842 --> 00:02:25.278 is we're going to need to create a micro climate. 77 00:02:25.278 --> 00:02:28.581 And a great way to do that is with a shelter. 78 00:02:28.581 --> 00:02:29.849 - [Narrator] Building a simple shelter 79 00:02:29.849 --> 00:02:31.384 that protects you from the elements 80 00:02:31.384 --> 00:02:34.354 is the first step of survival training. 81 00:02:34.354 --> 00:02:35.288 - Let's get building. 82 00:02:35.288 --> 00:02:36.756 - Awesome. 83 00:02:36.756 --> 00:02:38.291 - [Narrator] With that, Thomas demos 84 00:02:38.291 --> 00:02:42.462 the basics of building a life saving shelter. 85 00:02:42.462 --> 00:02:44.097 - Hip height Laura. 86 00:02:44.097 --> 00:02:45.231 - Hip height. 87 00:02:45.231 --> 00:02:46.533 - Her height or mine. - Take this, 88 00:02:46.533 --> 00:02:47.667 thank you for having that. - My height. 89 00:02:47.667 --> 00:02:49.135 - Well the thing is it's built 90 00:02:49.135 --> 00:02:52.272 to the person making it so it's sized for you. 91 00:02:52.272 --> 00:02:54.240 - [Narrator] The basic tripod frame provides 92 00:02:54.240 --> 00:02:56.609 a sturdy foundation. 93 00:02:56.609 --> 00:03:00.213 Walls sloping 45 degrees make the structure 94 00:03:00.213 --> 00:03:03.583 more stable in windy conditions. 95 00:03:03.583 --> 00:03:06.719 A few large sticks are leaned against the tripod 96 00:03:06.719 --> 00:03:08.755 for additional support. 97 00:03:08.755 --> 00:03:12.525 Medium sized sticks are woven in between. 98 00:03:12.525 --> 00:03:14.727 Pine needles are gathered from the forest floor 99 00:03:14.727 --> 00:03:16.396 and piled onto the frame 100 00:03:16.396 --> 00:03:19.832 until there is no light leaking to the inside. 101 00:03:19.832 --> 00:03:22.835 They keep the heat in, and cold out. 102 00:03:23.803 --> 00:03:25.071 A final layer of sticks holds 103 00:03:25.071 --> 00:03:28.341 the pine needle insulation in place. 104 00:03:28.341 --> 00:03:32.045 In just 30 minutes it's almost complete. 105 00:03:32.045 --> 00:03:34.013 The last touch is a row of rocks 106 00:03:34.013 --> 00:03:36.382 to reflect heat from the campfire 107 00:03:36.382 --> 00:03:39.085 back towards the shelter. 108 00:03:39.085 --> 00:03:40.720 - [Thomas] Lift with the back, not with the legs right. 109 00:03:40.720 --> 00:03:42.155 - Right. 110 00:03:42.155 --> 00:03:44.390 - I'm bringing over baby rocks but, 111 00:03:44.390 --> 00:03:45.491 they'll go somewhere. 112 00:03:45.491 --> 00:03:46.492 - We're not here to judge. 113 00:03:46.492 --> 00:03:48.027 - Thank you. 114 00:03:48.027 --> 00:03:49.462 - [Thomas] Team work makes the dream work my friends. 115 00:03:49.462 --> 00:03:51.130 - [Narrator] With the rocks in place, 116 00:03:51.130 --> 00:03:52.865 the shelter is ready. 117 00:03:52.865 --> 00:03:56.569 Doesn't look like much, but on closer examination, 118 00:03:56.569 --> 00:03:59.339 it could mean the difference between life and death 119 00:03:59.339 --> 00:04:01.241 in the biting cold. 120 00:04:01.241 --> 00:04:03.243 - All right so now that you have the system down 121 00:04:03.243 --> 00:04:04.677 and you see how to do it, 122 00:04:04.677 --> 00:04:07.046 let's see how you do without a survival instructor. 123 00:04:07.046 --> 00:04:08.448 We're going to give you about 30 minutes 124 00:04:08.448 --> 00:04:10.917 'cause in emergency time is not a luxury 125 00:04:10.917 --> 00:04:12.418 you're likely to have. 126 00:04:12.418 --> 00:04:14.387 So, let's see who can make 127 00:04:14.387 --> 00:04:16.489 the better tripod shelter of the two. 128 00:04:16.489 --> 00:04:18.358 - Wait wait wait so you just team work 129 00:04:18.358 --> 00:04:19.859 makes the dream work. 130 00:04:19.859 --> 00:04:21.861 - Yeah you're going to team up with mother earth here. 131 00:04:21.861 --> 00:04:22.996 And the nature. 132 00:04:22.996 --> 00:04:24.264 - So it's you against me. 133 00:04:24.264 --> 00:04:25.632 - Yeah and there's no pake out here 134 00:04:25.632 --> 00:04:27.166 so get to work. - What? 135 00:04:27.166 --> 00:04:29.636 (laughing) 136 00:04:29.636 --> 00:04:30.870 - Yeah I like this right around here, 137 00:04:30.870 --> 00:04:32.305 it's got a little bit of cover up above right. 138 00:04:32.305 --> 00:04:33.573 - Yep, looks good. 139 00:04:33.573 --> 00:04:35.041 - So why don't you put yours 140 00:04:35.041 --> 00:04:36.743 kind of over there on that nice little flat spot 141 00:04:36.743 --> 00:04:39.012 and I'll get kind of on this little spot here. 142 00:04:39.012 --> 00:04:40.213 - I like your zoning rules. 143 00:04:40.213 --> 00:04:41.447 (laughing) 144 00:04:41.447 --> 00:04:43.616 All right let the games begin. - All right. 145 00:04:43.616 --> 00:04:45.084 - [Narrator] The competition starts 146 00:04:45.084 --> 00:04:49.055 with a quintessential outdoor activity: gathering wood. 147 00:04:49.055 --> 00:04:51.324 - [Laura] Hey, leave some for the rest of us. 148 00:04:51.324 --> 00:04:53.493 - Hey you snooze you lose. 149 00:04:56.829 --> 00:04:58.598 - [Laura] It has to go this way. 150 00:04:58.598 --> 00:05:01.601 (energized music) 151 00:05:01.601 --> 00:05:04.437 - Okay that's feeling pretty good. 152 00:05:05.505 --> 00:05:06.339 - Shh. 153 00:05:08.574 --> 00:05:11.077 Nick your fort fell down, shh. 154 00:05:14.380 --> 00:05:16.049 Nick your fort fell down. 155 00:05:16.049 --> 00:05:17.984 - You broke my stick. 156 00:05:17.984 --> 00:05:20.586 (country music) 157 00:05:20.586 --> 00:05:22.021 First things first. 158 00:05:22.021 --> 00:05:23.189 - [Laura] What happened? 159 00:05:23.189 --> 00:05:24.624 - I'm getting warm. 160 00:05:24.624 --> 00:05:25.425 - You're going to collect all my pine needles 161 00:05:25.425 --> 00:05:26.693 for me right Nick. 162 00:05:26.693 --> 00:05:27.627 - [Nick] I'm going to help you yeah. 163 00:05:27.627 --> 00:05:29.295 (country music) 164 00:05:29.295 --> 00:05:32.031 - [Narrator] Pine needles aren't just for insulation, 165 00:05:32.031 --> 00:05:36.202 they also make for a dry and comfortable mattress. 166 00:05:36.202 --> 00:05:37.704 - [Laura] We're going to build some leaf number beds. 167 00:05:37.704 --> 00:05:39.972 What number do you like your bed set at? 168 00:05:39.972 --> 00:05:41.007 - 23 and a half. 169 00:05:41.007 --> 00:05:42.208 - All right. 170 00:05:42.208 --> 00:05:43.910 - [Narrator] With a little assist from Nick, 171 00:05:43.910 --> 00:05:47.213 both shelters are complete with time to spare. 172 00:05:47.213 --> 00:05:49.315 Now they're ready for inspection. 173 00:05:49.315 --> 00:05:51.084 - Look at this the king needs a little ornament 174 00:05:51.084 --> 00:05:52.218 right over his door right. 175 00:05:52.218 --> 00:05:53.419 - Well I'm doing some decorating. 176 00:05:53.419 --> 00:05:54.654 - You'd be surprised how many people 177 00:05:54.654 --> 00:05:56.689 choose to decorate their shelter after. 178 00:05:56.689 --> 00:05:57.623 Well this is great guys. 179 00:05:57.623 --> 00:05:59.092 It looks like you really sticked 180 00:05:59.092 --> 00:06:01.094 to the principles I gave you and that's what counts. 181 00:06:01.094 --> 00:06:02.628 They're steeper than 45, 182 00:06:02.628 --> 00:06:04.263 they're blocking all the light from the inside 183 00:06:04.263 --> 00:06:06.432 so I know they're going to stop water. 184 00:06:06.432 --> 00:06:08.901 We have some really good reflector walls built up 185 00:06:08.901 --> 00:06:10.970 appropriately spaced. 186 00:06:10.970 --> 00:06:13.906 And we stop the wind from blowing our cover off 187 00:06:13.906 --> 00:06:15.575 so this is more than survivable 188 00:06:15.575 --> 00:06:17.610 through out a night of cold. 189 00:06:17.610 --> 00:06:19.011 - I have one last question. 190 00:06:19.011 --> 00:06:20.780 As far as decorating, 191 00:06:20.780 --> 00:06:23.182 who won the decorating contest. 192 00:06:23.182 --> 00:06:24.283 - [Thomas] I'm a pine cone guy. 193 00:06:24.283 --> 00:06:25.218 - [Laura] Thank you. 194 00:06:25.218 --> 00:06:26.085 - It's a little ornamental. 195 00:06:26.085 --> 00:06:27.320 - You can have it. 196 00:06:27.320 --> 00:06:28.454 - Go with the goat, you know what I mean. 197 00:06:28.454 --> 00:06:29.389 - Yeah I put a doorbell on mine too, 198 00:06:29.389 --> 00:06:30.790 just in case we have visitors. 199 00:06:30.790 --> 00:06:32.191 - [Narrator] Laura and Nick have aced 200 00:06:32.191 --> 00:06:34.894 their first test of survival school. 201 00:06:34.894 --> 00:06:37.230 Next up, the quest for fire. 202 00:06:38.097 --> 00:06:39.665 (ticking) 203 00:06:40.166 --> 00:06:42.635 Nick and Laura are at Thomas Coyne's survival 204 00:06:42.635 --> 00:06:45.171 training school deep in the mountains 205 00:06:45.171 --> 00:06:47.640 near Big Bear, California. 206 00:06:47.640 --> 00:06:49.342 Their next challenge can be difficult 207 00:06:49.342 --> 00:06:52.512 for even the most experienced outdoorsman. 208 00:06:52.512 --> 00:06:55.915 Making fire without a lighter or matches. 209 00:06:57.083 --> 00:06:58.918 (dramatic music) 210 00:06:58.918 --> 00:07:00.553 - What we're going to do now 211 00:07:00.553 --> 00:07:03.456 is get a nice straight branch like this 212 00:07:03.456 --> 00:07:04.724 and we're going to spin it 213 00:07:04.724 --> 00:07:08.027 just as fast as we can to a much softer piece 214 00:07:08.027 --> 00:07:10.029 and the friction that occurs there 215 00:07:10.029 --> 00:07:13.299 is gonna ignite the dust that it makes as it drills through. 216 00:07:13.299 --> 00:07:16.502 Then we'll use that to get our fire started. 217 00:07:16.502 --> 00:07:17.970 - [Narrator] Nick and Laura will be constructing 218 00:07:17.970 --> 00:07:19.505 a bow drill. 219 00:07:19.505 --> 00:07:21.474 The design is simple. 220 00:07:21.474 --> 00:07:25.077 Tie a string to opposite ends of the bow, 221 00:07:25.077 --> 00:07:28.714 wind the drill stick in the middle of the string. 222 00:07:28.714 --> 00:07:30.416 When the drill stick is fixed in place 223 00:07:30.416 --> 00:07:32.985 over a piece of wood, the bow can be drawn 224 00:07:32.985 --> 00:07:34.220 back and forth. 225 00:07:35.354 --> 00:07:36.889 The friction creates heated dust 226 00:07:36.889 --> 00:07:39.358 that ignites into an ember. 227 00:07:39.358 --> 00:07:41.761 - So we set about a little more than a hand length. 228 00:07:41.761 --> 00:07:42.995 - That's right. 229 00:07:42.995 --> 00:07:46.032 - So I'm gonna carve a little V in this thing. 230 00:07:46.032 --> 00:07:50.002 - [Narrator] Shape one end of the stick into a point. 231 00:07:50.002 --> 00:07:52.738 This is secured in a rivet hole of Nick's knife. 232 00:07:52.738 --> 00:07:56.375 To keep the stick from wobbling as it spins. 233 00:07:56.375 --> 00:07:57.944 The other end is flattened 234 00:07:57.944 --> 00:08:00.646 and will spin against another piece of wood, 235 00:08:00.646 --> 00:08:01.981 the drill plate. 236 00:08:03.416 --> 00:08:04.717 Carve a notch in the drill plate 237 00:08:04.717 --> 00:08:06.853 to collect the heated dust. 238 00:08:06.853 --> 00:08:09.789 - Why is that important again to have that V? 239 00:08:09.789 --> 00:08:12.158 - Once that notch is full, 240 00:08:12.158 --> 00:08:15.061 all the heat on the tip of that drill 241 00:08:15.061 --> 00:08:17.797 is gonna be trapped in that notch 242 00:08:17.797 --> 00:08:19.932 and that's going to light that dust. 243 00:08:19.932 --> 00:08:23.002 - [Narrator] Now Nick channels his inner cave man. 244 00:08:23.002 --> 00:08:26.472 - [Thomas] There you go, very good. 245 00:08:26.472 --> 00:08:28.741 A little bit more speed. 246 00:08:28.741 --> 00:08:30.209 Now add a little bit more pressure, 247 00:08:30.209 --> 00:08:31.444 just a little, pressure's last. 248 00:08:31.444 --> 00:08:32.445 Perfect, maintain. - There's smoke. 249 00:08:32.445 --> 00:08:33.279 Good job Nick. - Full stroke, 250 00:08:33.279 --> 00:08:35.815 full stroke, breathe. 251 00:08:35.815 --> 00:08:37.350 - [Narrator] The friction drill creates temperatures 252 00:08:37.350 --> 00:08:39.919 of over 300 degrees at the tip. 253 00:08:41.087 --> 00:08:44.257 Plenty of heat to turn wood dust into an ember. 254 00:08:44.257 --> 00:08:45.758 - [Thomas] A little faster. 255 00:08:45.758 --> 00:08:47.793 I'm going to give you a count down 10, 256 00:08:47.793 --> 00:08:49.929 all you got man is nine, eight. 257 00:08:49.929 --> 00:08:51.163 - [Laura] Got this you got it Nick. 258 00:08:51.163 --> 00:08:52.999 - Seven, six, stop stop stop stop, 259 00:08:52.999 --> 00:08:54.433 blow on that gently, blow on that gently. 260 00:08:54.433 --> 00:08:55.868 You already got it, you got it. 261 00:08:55.868 --> 00:08:57.236 - [Narrator] Nick delicately transfers 262 00:08:57.236 --> 00:09:00.673 the heated dust to a bed of wispy kindling. 263 00:09:00.673 --> 00:09:02.909 Dried pine needles help stoke the embers 264 00:09:02.909 --> 00:09:04.577 into a larger flame. 265 00:09:05.578 --> 00:09:06.412 - Yes flame. - Watch your, 266 00:09:06.412 --> 00:09:07.747 watch your clothes. 267 00:09:07.747 --> 00:09:09.849 Look at that Nick, yay. 268 00:09:09.849 --> 00:09:11.150 - Yes use your convection, 269 00:09:11.150 --> 00:09:12.518 don't let it go far yet, don't let it fall apart, 270 00:09:12.518 --> 00:09:14.353 we're not out of the danger zone yet. 271 00:09:14.353 --> 00:09:16.022 - [Narrator] Finally Nick carefully transfers 272 00:09:16.022 --> 00:09:18.691 the kindling to the campfire itself. 273 00:09:18.691 --> 00:09:19.625 - Yes, yes. 274 00:09:22.395 --> 00:09:24.630 Yes, fire breathing dragon. 275 00:09:26.899 --> 00:09:28.434 - Who's got the hot dogs. 276 00:09:28.434 --> 00:09:29.869 - [Laura] Yeah bring out the marshmallows. 277 00:09:29.869 --> 00:09:31.537 - That was almost too easy. 278 00:09:31.537 --> 00:09:33.039 - No, 279 00:09:33.039 --> 00:09:33.839 that's a delicate process. - I can't believe, wow. 280 00:09:33.839 --> 00:09:35.074 That's incredible. 281 00:09:35.074 --> 00:09:37.677 - [Narrator] Nick Munt has created fire. 282 00:09:37.677 --> 00:09:40.079 (rock music) 283 00:09:41.547 --> 00:09:43.049 - All right Thomas well we got a good fire, 284 00:09:43.049 --> 00:09:44.250 so now what? 285 00:09:44.250 --> 00:09:46.152 - All right well the next most critical skill 286 00:09:46.152 --> 00:09:48.454 after shelter and fire in this cold weather 287 00:09:48.454 --> 00:09:49.922 we're getting some water. 288 00:09:49.922 --> 00:09:52.625 - Right let's do it. - I'm thirsty. 289 00:09:52.625 --> 00:09:55.227 - [Narrator] As any experienced outdoorsman knows, 290 00:09:55.227 --> 00:09:57.229 water can be plentiful, 291 00:09:57.229 --> 00:09:59.198 but if it hasn't been purified, 292 00:09:59.198 --> 00:10:01.567 it can be poisonous. 293 00:10:01.567 --> 00:10:04.337 - The best way to purify water is to heat it. 294 00:10:04.337 --> 00:10:06.372 Then you're sure you've killed everything 295 00:10:06.372 --> 00:10:07.773 and we're going to show you how 296 00:10:07.773 --> 00:10:09.275 to boil water in anything that holds water. 297 00:10:09.275 --> 00:10:11.644 Maybe you have a ziploc bag, an empty sandwich bag 298 00:10:11.644 --> 00:10:12.878 in your pocket. 299 00:10:12.878 --> 00:10:15.247 You got a hole in the ground, whatever. 300 00:10:15.247 --> 00:10:16.449 - [Narrator] The first step is to heat up 301 00:10:16.449 --> 00:10:19.752 several small rocks in a campfire. 302 00:10:19.752 --> 00:10:22.455 Next, Thomas splits the end of a tree branch 303 00:10:22.455 --> 00:10:25.491 to fashion a simple pair of tongs. 304 00:10:25.491 --> 00:10:27.727 He uses these to retrieve the heated rocks 305 00:10:27.727 --> 00:10:29.629 from the flames. 306 00:10:29.629 --> 00:10:30.696 So just like with the bow and drill, 307 00:10:30.696 --> 00:10:33.165 we have to be very careful. 308 00:10:33.165 --> 00:10:36.369 - Ooh, you can also get a facial. 309 00:10:36.369 --> 00:10:37.670 Look at that. 310 00:10:37.670 --> 00:10:39.171 - Now I'm going to grab another rock 311 00:10:39.171 --> 00:10:42.174 so we can increase that temperature. 312 00:10:42.174 --> 00:10:43.109 - [Narrator] Three rocks is enough 313 00:10:43.109 --> 00:10:45.611 to bring the water to a boil. 314 00:10:45.611 --> 00:10:47.113 - How long did the rocks sit in the fire 315 00:10:47.113 --> 00:10:48.581 before you moved them into the water? 316 00:10:48.581 --> 00:10:49.515 - [Thomas] About half an hour 317 00:10:49.515 --> 00:10:51.751 right in the convective current. 318 00:10:51.751 --> 00:10:54.920 - [Nick] And so obviously the bag is tough enough 319 00:10:54.920 --> 00:10:56.355 to withstand boiling water. 320 00:10:56.355 --> 00:10:58.257 - What's strange is these rocks are you know, 321 00:10:58.257 --> 00:10:59.792 they're getting very high temperatures, 322 00:10:59.792 --> 00:11:01.794 but as long as you put them in the water first 323 00:11:01.794 --> 00:11:03.162 it won't melt the bag. 324 00:11:03.162 --> 00:11:04.563 Now if this rock touches the bag 325 00:11:04.563 --> 00:11:06.032 anywhere outside the water, 326 00:11:06.032 --> 00:11:09.301 it will instantly melt through the bag. 327 00:11:10.469 --> 00:11:12.938 - [Narrator] Next, treacherous waters. 328 00:11:12.938 --> 00:11:14.173 - You're going to be shooting it out 329 00:11:14.173 --> 00:11:16.409 of both ends and it won't be good. 330 00:11:16.409 --> 00:11:18.344 (ticking) 331 00:11:18.344 --> 00:11:18.678 Feed your dog's wild side. 332 00:11:18.678 --> 00:11:19.645 - All right so Nick and I are back 333 00:11:19.645 --> 00:11:21.247 at home base at survival school 334 00:11:21.247 --> 00:11:23.716 and now we're going to purify some water. 335 00:11:23.716 --> 00:11:25.384 Some creek water as a matter of fact 336 00:11:25.384 --> 00:11:28.054 with nothing but some hot rocks, 337 00:11:28.054 --> 00:11:30.322 a couple of sticks, and a freezer bag. 338 00:11:30.322 --> 00:11:31.557 - Here's what we do: we've heated 339 00:11:31.557 --> 00:11:33.092 these rocks on here for a long time 340 00:11:33.092 --> 00:11:34.527 so they're good and hot. 341 00:11:34.527 --> 00:11:37.530 At sea level the water needs to boil for a minute, 342 00:11:37.530 --> 00:11:39.165 but as you go up every thousand meters 343 00:11:39.165 --> 00:11:40.366 you have to go another minute. 344 00:11:40.366 --> 00:11:41.867 So since we're up here around 7,000 feet, 345 00:11:41.867 --> 00:11:43.502 we're going to go about three minutes 346 00:11:43.502 --> 00:11:45.638 which should be about good right. 347 00:11:45.638 --> 00:11:46.639 - Enough to kill all that bacteria. 348 00:11:46.639 --> 00:11:48.174 - Yes. - Delicious. 349 00:11:48.174 --> 00:11:50.776 - [Narrator] Nick wields the make shift tongs like a pro. 350 00:11:50.776 --> 00:11:51.944 - I eat a lot of sushi 351 00:11:51.944 --> 00:11:53.813 so I should be pretty good at this. 352 00:11:53.813 --> 00:11:55.214 Come on, come on. 353 00:11:56.515 --> 00:11:57.783 Oh yeah. - You got it. 354 00:11:57.783 --> 00:11:59.285 All right. 355 00:11:59.285 --> 00:12:00.553 Watch this that is very hot, I'm going 356 00:12:00.553 --> 00:12:01.387 to move out of the way. - I'm going to bring 357 00:12:01.387 --> 00:12:02.755 this over here. 358 00:12:02.755 --> 00:12:03.589 - Careful. 359 00:12:03.589 --> 00:12:05.991 Listen to that sizzle. 360 00:12:05.991 --> 00:12:06.826 Perfect. 361 00:12:06.826 --> 00:12:08.094 - Let's get another. 362 00:12:08.094 --> 00:12:09.328 - [Narrator] A few more rocks bring the water 363 00:12:09.328 --> 00:12:11.097 to a rolling boil. 364 00:12:11.097 --> 00:12:12.264 - So the most important thing 365 00:12:12.264 --> 00:12:13.532 is to get your water and make sure 366 00:12:13.532 --> 00:12:16.569 that you boil it for a proper amount of time 367 00:12:16.569 --> 00:12:18.237 because those little protozoas 368 00:12:18.237 --> 00:12:19.472 are pretty tough little critters 369 00:12:19.472 --> 00:12:20.973 and they can live right through that. 370 00:12:20.973 --> 00:12:21.807 - They'll give you the beaver fever 371 00:12:21.807 --> 00:12:23.242 if you're not careful. 372 00:12:23.242 --> 00:12:24.477 - And if you get that, you're going to be shooting 373 00:12:24.477 --> 00:12:26.278 it out of both ends and it won't be good. 374 00:12:26.278 --> 00:12:27.947 (laughing) 375 00:12:27.947 --> 00:12:30.082 - [Narrator] The water may not look appetizing, 376 00:12:30.082 --> 00:12:32.518 but it's clean and ready to drink, 377 00:12:32.518 --> 00:12:34.520 or use for cooking. 378 00:12:34.520 --> 00:12:37.456 In fact, Thomas has an old trail recipe 379 00:12:37.456 --> 00:12:39.992 that'll make good use of this batch. 380 00:12:39.992 --> 00:12:41.260 - So what we've got here is our water 381 00:12:41.260 --> 00:12:43.562 that we boiled in this baggy here 382 00:12:43.562 --> 00:12:46.298 and we're just adding flour to it. 383 00:12:46.298 --> 00:12:48.400 So now we're just gonna mix this up 384 00:12:48.400 --> 00:12:50.436 and make a nice little patty out of it right 385 00:12:50.436 --> 00:12:52.138 and slow cook it right on the coals. 386 00:12:52.138 --> 00:12:53.072 - [Laura] Slow cook it, you know what these 387 00:12:53.072 --> 00:12:54.473 are called Nick don't you? 388 00:12:54.473 --> 00:12:55.307 - [Nick] What? 389 00:12:55.307 --> 00:12:56.308 - Ash cakes. 390 00:12:57.176 --> 00:12:58.444 No I said ash, cakes. 391 00:12:58.444 --> 00:12:59.712 - Oh okay. 392 00:12:59.712 --> 00:13:01.180 - [Narrator] White ash on the campfire coals 393 00:13:01.180 --> 00:13:04.250 prevents burning and cooks the cakes evenly. 394 00:13:04.250 --> 00:13:07.286 In just a few minutes they're ready to eat. 395 00:13:07.286 --> 00:13:08.621 - Prepare to be amazed. 396 00:13:08.621 --> 00:13:10.623 - Prepare. - To be amazed. 397 00:13:11.957 --> 00:13:14.994 (up beat music) 398 00:13:14.994 --> 00:13:16.061 That's good. 399 00:13:16.061 --> 00:13:18.230 - That's amazinger than heck. 400 00:13:18.230 --> 00:13:19.231 - [Thomas] You don't have to fake it do you? 401 00:13:19.231 --> 00:13:20.566 - No. - Nope. 402 00:13:20.566 --> 00:13:22.501 - [Thomas] Tasty isn't it. 403 00:13:22.501 --> 00:13:23.736 - Wow. 404 00:13:23.736 --> 00:13:25.004 - [Narrator] It's cheating a bit, 405 00:13:25.004 --> 00:13:26.939 but ash cakes are great with honey. 406 00:13:26.939 --> 00:13:29.809 - Seriously it's like phenomenal. 407 00:13:29.809 --> 00:13:33.746 - [Narrator] What if you need something a little meatier. 408 00:13:33.746 --> 00:13:35.414 - Oh my god we're like lost in the wilderness. 409 00:13:35.414 --> 00:13:36.282 - Starving. 410 00:13:36.282 --> 00:13:37.716 - We need food. 411 00:13:37.716 --> 00:13:39.585 Come to our rescue, come on man. 412 00:13:39.585 --> 00:13:40.953 Teach us how to kill something. 413 00:13:40.953 --> 00:13:42.221 - Well what I'm going to do 414 00:13:42.221 --> 00:13:43.823 is I'm going to show you the most simple, 415 00:13:43.823 --> 00:13:45.591 effective small game trap which is 416 00:13:45.591 --> 00:13:48.127 the easiest to get out here in an emergency. 417 00:13:48.127 --> 00:13:50.996 And all you need is a couple sticks 418 00:13:50.996 --> 00:13:52.498 and a piece of string. 419 00:13:52.498 --> 00:13:55.134 Use your boot lace, a strip of bark off a willow tree. 420 00:13:55.134 --> 00:13:57.469 A strong blade of grass, what have you. 421 00:13:57.469 --> 00:13:58.904 - Okay. 422 00:13:58.904 --> 00:14:00.506 - [Narrator] Thomas starts with a heavy rock, 423 00:14:00.506 --> 00:14:03.209 then trims two sticks and joins them together 424 00:14:03.209 --> 00:14:05.244 in a sort of lever. 425 00:14:05.244 --> 00:14:06.645 A string is attached and tied 426 00:14:06.645 --> 00:14:08.247 to a small stick that acts 427 00:14:08.247 --> 00:14:11.350 as the trap's release lever. 428 00:14:11.350 --> 00:14:16.155 Thomas shows the precarious process of setting the trap. 429 00:14:16.155 --> 00:14:18.224 Go ahead release. 430 00:14:18.224 --> 00:14:19.658 I have to feel the balance point 431 00:14:19.658 --> 00:14:21.427 so it has to be holding it. 432 00:14:21.427 --> 00:14:23.429 So now you'll see it's like a lever, see that? 433 00:14:23.429 --> 00:14:24.663 - Sure. 434 00:14:24.663 --> 00:14:26.131 - So now I wrap this stick around, 435 00:14:26.131 --> 00:14:28.734 see how it teed off when I went under my string. 436 00:14:28.734 --> 00:14:30.669 I've seen a lot of manuals 437 00:14:30.669 --> 00:14:32.872 that'll show this over the string and it can catch. 438 00:14:32.872 --> 00:14:34.807 Now here I would recommend if you're doing 439 00:14:34.807 --> 00:14:36.175 this home to have a safety rock 440 00:14:36.175 --> 00:14:38.110 because if this falls on my finger, 441 00:14:38.110 --> 00:14:39.612 that sucks. 442 00:14:39.612 --> 00:14:41.680 - [Narrator] Thomas carefully places a small stick 443 00:14:41.680 --> 00:14:43.582 to brace the latch and act 444 00:14:43.582 --> 00:14:45.918 as the spring for the trap. 445 00:14:45.918 --> 00:14:48.554 A piece of plastic is the bait. 446 00:14:48.554 --> 00:14:50.890 Now which one of you guys said the stick won't hold? 447 00:14:50.890 --> 00:14:52.091 - [Laura] Look at that. 448 00:14:52.091 --> 00:14:53.559 - Isn't that great, that's a piece of work, 449 00:14:53.559 --> 00:14:55.394 double fist bump. 450 00:14:55.394 --> 00:14:57.062 - [Narrator] The trap is ready. 451 00:14:57.062 --> 00:14:58.597 Laura will do the honors 452 00:14:58.597 --> 00:15:00.499 and spare the life of some hapless 453 00:15:00.499 --> 00:15:02.534 southern California squirrel. 454 00:15:02.534 --> 00:15:03.769 - Here comes two squirrels 455 00:15:03.769 --> 00:15:05.437 that are going after the bait at the same time. 456 00:15:05.437 --> 00:15:07.106 One for Nick, one for me. 457 00:15:07.106 --> 00:15:08.374 Ready? 458 00:15:08.374 --> 00:15:10.776 (dramatic music) 459 00:15:10.776 --> 00:15:14.213 - That's amazing. - Oh I'm stuck. 460 00:15:14.213 --> 00:15:17.182 (yelling) 461 00:15:17.182 --> 00:15:20.219 (techno music) 462 00:15:20.219 --> 00:15:21.053 - Awesome man. 463 00:15:21.053 --> 00:15:22.855 - Very cool. 464 00:15:22.855 --> 00:15:24.256 Dinner is served. 465 00:15:30.562 --> 00:15:33.198 - [Narrator] Coming up, medical miracles. 466 00:15:33.198 --> 00:15:34.033 - Bitter. 467 00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:37.002 (ticking) 468 00:15:37.403 --> 00:15:39.738 (screaming) 469 00:15:42.408 --> 00:15:44.610 - [Narrator] A survival emergency in the wilderness 470 00:15:44.610 --> 00:15:46.378 often begins with an injury. 471 00:15:46.378 --> 00:15:49.248 (moaning) 472 00:15:49.248 --> 00:15:51.684 A broken bone is incredibly painful 473 00:15:51.684 --> 00:15:52.885 and if you're stuck in the woods, 474 00:15:52.885 --> 00:15:54.553 there's no choice but to grit your teeth 475 00:15:54.553 --> 00:15:56.588 and bear it, right? 476 00:15:56.588 --> 00:15:58.257 Not so fast. 477 00:15:58.257 --> 00:15:59.892 For those in the know, the backcountry 478 00:15:59.892 --> 00:16:03.762 even has your pain relief needs covered. 479 00:16:03.762 --> 00:16:05.764 - So here we have the willow tree. 480 00:16:05.764 --> 00:16:06.999 Now what's great about the willow, 481 00:16:06.999 --> 00:16:08.834 it just has so many wonderful uses. 482 00:16:08.834 --> 00:16:10.469 It's easily identifiable. 483 00:16:10.469 --> 00:16:12.304 Now I want you to take a small strip of that. 484 00:16:12.304 --> 00:16:13.772 A serving of this bark would be 485 00:16:13.772 --> 00:16:17.710 the size of your pinky and I want you to chew it. 486 00:16:17.710 --> 00:16:19.211 It's for body weight right. 487 00:16:19.211 --> 00:16:23.282 So if it's your pinky it'll be for your body weight. 488 00:16:23.282 --> 00:16:24.216 - How is it? 489 00:16:24.216 --> 00:16:24.950 - [Thomas] It's a little bitter. 490 00:16:24.950 --> 00:16:25.884 - Bitter. 491 00:16:25.884 --> 00:16:26.952 - You know what you're tasting? 492 00:16:26.952 --> 00:16:28.587 The salicylic acid. 493 00:16:28.587 --> 00:16:31.023 - That is really bitter, are you kidding, oh my god. 494 00:16:31.023 --> 00:16:32.424 - You're tasting salicylic acid 495 00:16:32.424 --> 00:16:35.027 which is the chemical compound we make aspirin from. 496 00:16:35.027 --> 00:16:36.061 - Thomas just poisoned us. 497 00:16:36.061 --> 00:16:38.831 (laughing) 498 00:16:38.831 --> 00:16:42.634 - If I don't give you the antidote, you're dead. 499 00:16:42.634 --> 00:16:43.902 - That's very bitter. 500 00:16:43.902 --> 00:16:46.538 - Yeah it's just like chewing on an aspirin. 501 00:16:46.538 --> 00:16:47.806 - [Narrator] A broken limb can make a hike 502 00:16:47.806 --> 00:16:51.377 back to safety all but impossible. 503 00:16:51.377 --> 00:16:53.145 (screaming) 504 00:16:53.145 --> 00:16:56.582 Emergency care can be the key to survival. 505 00:16:57.750 --> 00:16:59.418 - So one thing you may not be aware of 506 00:16:59.418 --> 00:17:01.754 is a little device called the SAM splint. 507 00:17:01.754 --> 00:17:05.157 Which is just a little portable flexible splint. 508 00:17:05.157 --> 00:17:06.792 - [Narrator] A SAM splint and a bandage 509 00:17:06.792 --> 00:17:09.194 are essential survival kit items. 510 00:17:09.194 --> 00:17:10.929 Add a fleece jacket and you have 511 00:17:10.929 --> 00:17:13.766 an effective improvised splint. 512 00:17:13.766 --> 00:17:14.833 - Oh nice and comfy. - There you go. 513 00:17:14.833 --> 00:17:16.001 - How's it feeling? 514 00:17:16.001 --> 00:17:16.668 - Really comfortable. - You feel like 515 00:17:16.668 --> 00:17:17.870 you'll be okay. 516 00:17:17.870 --> 00:17:19.271 - I think I'm going to be all right. 517 00:17:19.271 --> 00:17:21.407 - [Narrator] Now, Nick learns to splint his own leg. 518 00:17:21.407 --> 00:17:23.008 - So let's say I broke my tib fib down here 519 00:17:23.008 --> 00:17:24.243 below my knee right. 520 00:17:24.243 --> 00:17:26.612 So I'm going to wrap this thing up 521 00:17:26.612 --> 00:17:28.280 but I'm going to keep kind of clumping it here 522 00:17:28.280 --> 00:17:29.681 so that... 523 00:17:29.681 --> 00:17:30.949 - Fills the void by the knee. 524 00:17:30.949 --> 00:17:32.451 Yeah it's important that pad splints, 525 00:17:32.451 --> 00:17:34.720 not just for patient comfort, which is important, 526 00:17:34.720 --> 00:17:36.688 but to make sure that the pressure 527 00:17:36.688 --> 00:17:38.657 from the splint is evenly applied 528 00:17:38.657 --> 00:17:41.693 along the leg for good support. 529 00:17:41.693 --> 00:17:43.429 - [Narrator] He uses the fleece as padding 530 00:17:43.429 --> 00:17:45.431 and a self adhesive bandage 531 00:17:45.431 --> 00:17:47.433 to wrap it all together. 532 00:17:48.467 --> 00:17:49.935 This make shift splint is enough 533 00:17:49.935 --> 00:17:52.237 to get Nick up on his feet 534 00:17:52.237 --> 00:17:53.639 and if he's on his feet, 535 00:17:53.639 --> 00:17:56.275 he can start making his way to safety. 536 00:17:56.275 --> 00:17:58.277 (moans) 537 00:17:59.711 --> 00:18:01.213 - We got our arm splint and we got our leg splint, 538 00:18:01.213 --> 00:18:02.748 but now how are we going to get out of here? 539 00:18:02.748 --> 00:18:05.451 - We'll go over some improvised navigation. 540 00:18:05.451 --> 00:18:06.952 - All right. - Navigation is good. 541 00:18:06.952 --> 00:18:08.320 - [Narrator] Losing your sense of direction 542 00:18:08.320 --> 00:18:11.824 in the backcountry can be a fatal mistake. 543 00:18:12.991 --> 00:18:14.893 Thomas has perfected techniques to find 544 00:18:14.893 --> 00:18:19.264 the cardinal directions even without a compass. 545 00:18:19.264 --> 00:18:20.799 - Okay so now we're going to cover 546 00:18:20.799 --> 00:18:23.969 a really quick and simple way to get unlost. 547 00:18:23.969 --> 00:18:25.771 Well there's plenty of ways to do it with the stars, 548 00:18:25.771 --> 00:18:27.473 but during the day time 549 00:18:27.473 --> 00:18:30.209 we're going to use a stick and shadow method. 550 00:18:30.209 --> 00:18:32.244 - [Narrator] It's a simple idea: find east 551 00:18:32.244 --> 00:18:35.047 and west by tracing the movement of a shadow 552 00:18:35.047 --> 00:18:37.950 as the sun moves across the sky. 553 00:18:37.950 --> 00:18:39.384 All you need is a stick 554 00:18:39.384 --> 00:18:41.220 and a couple of rocks. 555 00:18:41.220 --> 00:18:42.654 - We're going to mark the tip of the shadow 556 00:18:42.654 --> 00:18:43.822 of that stick. 557 00:18:45.557 --> 00:18:48.494 Okay and now we'll just have to wait a few minutes 558 00:18:48.494 --> 00:18:49.761 and when the shadow moves you'll put 559 00:18:49.761 --> 00:18:52.564 another mark and you draw a line 560 00:18:52.564 --> 00:18:55.801 between those two marks and you'll have your east and west. 561 00:18:55.801 --> 00:18:57.836 - [Narrator] As the sun traverses the sky, 562 00:18:57.836 --> 00:19:01.573 the shadow moves along the east west axis. 563 00:19:01.573 --> 00:19:04.009 Once you know east west, 564 00:19:04.009 --> 00:19:05.744 you know north south. 565 00:19:07.913 --> 00:19:08.947 - So this is a really good way 566 00:19:08.947 --> 00:19:10.916 to find the direction. 567 00:19:10.916 --> 00:19:12.117 You get out into the wilderness, 568 00:19:12.117 --> 00:19:13.785 you need to know that south is the town, 569 00:19:13.785 --> 00:19:15.053 north is the road. 570 00:19:15.053 --> 00:19:16.221 East is the river and this-- - Just pick 571 00:19:16.221 --> 00:19:18.457 an escape easement and as soon 572 00:19:18.457 --> 00:19:19.825 as you step on that trail, 573 00:19:19.825 --> 00:19:22.094 you know that escape easement and you'll only have 574 00:19:22.094 --> 00:19:24.229 to remember one direction. 575 00:19:24.229 --> 00:19:25.497 You don't have to know which way it is, 576 00:19:25.497 --> 00:19:27.900 just know okay it's west, no it's east, 577 00:19:27.900 --> 00:19:30.002 and now if you lose your sense of direction 578 00:19:30.002 --> 00:19:31.737 you can find it again with this. 579 00:19:31.737 --> 00:19:33.105 If you can't find a stick in the woods, 580 00:19:33.105 --> 00:19:34.072 I can't help you. 581 00:19:34.072 --> 00:19:35.340 - That's right. 582 00:19:36.909 --> 00:19:39.778 - [Narrator] Now one last tip: the essential items 583 00:19:39.778 --> 00:19:41.980 for your survival kit. 584 00:19:41.980 --> 00:19:43.715 A water purifier. 585 00:19:43.715 --> 00:19:45.350 First aid supplies. 586 00:19:45.350 --> 00:19:47.119 A multi tool. 587 00:19:47.119 --> 00:19:50.822 An emergency light and storm proof matches. 588 00:19:50.822 --> 00:19:52.357 There's no way to put this out 589 00:19:52.357 --> 00:19:53.759 once it gets going okay and that's what you want, 590 00:19:53.759 --> 00:19:54.993 it's idiot proof right. 591 00:19:54.993 --> 00:19:55.861 There's no way to fail with this. 592 00:19:55.861 --> 00:19:57.129 - Perfect Laura. 593 00:19:57.129 --> 00:19:58.630 - Easy Nick. 594 00:19:58.630 --> 00:19:59.965 - [Narrator] Keep these in your pack 595 00:19:59.965 --> 00:20:02.634 and you'll be ready for anything. 596 00:20:02.634 --> 00:20:04.536 - How do you think Nick and I did today in school? 597 00:20:04.536 --> 00:20:06.205 What grade would you give us? 598 00:20:06.205 --> 00:20:07.406 - I got to give you an A. 599 00:20:07.406 --> 00:20:08.874 And you know why, 600 00:20:08.874 --> 00:20:12.644 you guys dominated the bow drill and the shelter. 601 00:20:13.712 --> 00:20:14.947 - Well I think it's safe to say 602 00:20:14.947 --> 00:20:16.181 we learned a lot here at survival school. 603 00:20:16.181 --> 00:20:18.417 We learned how to make a fire with no tool. 604 00:20:18.417 --> 00:20:20.919 (cheering) 605 00:20:20.919 --> 00:20:22.721 Build a really cool shelter. 606 00:20:22.721 --> 00:20:25.357 King needs a little ornament right over his door right. 607 00:20:25.357 --> 00:20:26.892 - We also had a chance to purify water 608 00:20:26.892 --> 00:20:30.429 and taste some delicious ash cakes. 609 00:20:30.429 --> 00:20:32.731 No I said ash, cakes. 610 00:20:32.731 --> 00:20:33.999 - So when you go out into the wilderness, 611 00:20:33.999 --> 00:20:35.434 make sure you pack your survival kit 612 00:20:35.434 --> 00:20:36.768 'cause you just never know when you're going 613 00:20:36.768 --> 00:20:38.003 to get stranded. 614 00:20:38.003 --> 00:20:40.572 - Always be prepared, is number one thing. 615 00:20:40.572 --> 00:20:42.107 Well that wraps it up for this episode, 616 00:20:42.107 --> 00:20:44.443 so join us next time as we put nature to the test. 617 00:20:44.443 --> 00:20:45.777 - On survival science. 618 00:20:45.777 --> 00:20:47.045 - Nighty night Nick. 619 00:20:47.045 --> 00:20:48.547 - Good night Laura, hope you don't snore. 620 00:20:48.547 --> 00:20:50.015 - If I do just put some pine cones in your ears, 621 00:20:50.015 --> 00:20:51.950 you'll be fine. - Okay.