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Floods, fires, earthquakes,

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tornadoes, natural disasters.

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When these kinds of phenomena occur,

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they bring with them loss of human life,

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often on a massive scale,
tragic environmental devastation,

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loss, destruction and hardship, despair.

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Arguably, though,
when it comes to man made disasters,

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we have a different responsibility

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for this chilling
but fascinating episode of Desperate Hours

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is on nuclear and industrial disasters.

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On nuclear power depends on harnessing
the energy.

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Released during one of two processes
nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.

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In both fusion and nuclear
fission, energy is released

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from the high powered atomic bombs
between the particles

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within a nucleus
of the nuclear energy produced.

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And then used to generate electricity.

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Ironically, nuclear power.

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Is a relatively clean.

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Source of energy, which is great.

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But of course,
unless the utmost precautions are.

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Taken in generating nuclear power
and the consequences can go beyond

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any disastrous
to the unthinkable, the horrific

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Fukushima Japan.

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Launch in 2010 would have told us,

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followed by a tsunami triggered
assault at the Fukushima.

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Daiichi nuclear power plant to create
one of the worst nuclear disasters.

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Of our times.

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First, the.

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Series of seven.

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Tsunamis, some as high as 15
meters, seemed to indicate

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diesel generators at Fukushima
Daiichi were shut

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down.

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Flood swamped.

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The generators. Causing them to fail.

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The reactors began to heat up

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even after a plant shuts down for.

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Nuclear fuel requires continued cooling,
which would usually have come from water

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being continually pumped into the reactors

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with the earthquake
knocking out electricity at the plant.

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Emergency diesel generators were deployed
to cool reactor units one, two and three.

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But only an hour later,
flooding from the tsunami knocked out

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the backup generators.

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Its immediate impact

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was felt by tens of thousands of people
with homes near the plant.

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Kunwar from all dojos

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and usual unusual doormen, not all of whom

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remember watching his son
or daughter, mother in law that night.

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So this is not so simple.

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This toxicology focused
Adderall could alter to more.

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Kiyoko stayed in the not dead

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cause all the similar things.

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With the plant's critical cooling systems.

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Not that it set off a chain.

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Of hydrogen explosions,
and that is 1 to 3 in damage

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to the containment structure in active

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particles from the melted fuel sent.

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Radiation. Levels dangerously high.

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To put it mildly.

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According to the Japanese Nuclear
and Industrial Safety Agency,

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the amount of radioactive cesium
that spilled into the atmosphere

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was equivalent to 168 Hiroshima bombs.

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It must be
said the efforts of workers at the plant

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to contain
the disaster were nothing short of heroic.

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In the aftermath of the tragedy.

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Social media looking for a silver lining
dubbed these workers

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as the Fukushima 50.

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That we can use and do going negative.

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I cannot tell you that the looms
get all beautiful.

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You just ignore Monday after
you tended to go to whatever you can,

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or unless you key to this
and if not of a good quality, such

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as in view of alcohol, you reveal
and you go to Connecticut headquarters.

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And in 2013,
the Tokyo Electric Power Company

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admitted that some 300 tons of radioactive

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water per day was still leaking
from the Daiichi.

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Nuclear power plant.

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Nuclear power has been with us

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now for 70 years.

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It was developed during wartime

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World War two, to be precise.

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With the war
dragging on in Europe and Asia.

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There was an arms race going
on, the likes of which

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we have never seen before.

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The Germans had the edge

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on atomic power until the early forties,
when a nuclear development program called

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the Manhattan Project got under way
in the US

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secret to the hilt by the government.

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The Manhattan Project was the development

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of the atomic bomb.

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Most of the critical research
and development took place at a purpose

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built facility.

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In the new infamous
Los Alamos, New Mexico.

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Five, four, 3 to 1 ton

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to the

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to the 16th of July, 1944.

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The Los Alamos scientists
successfully exploded

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into the first atomic bomb.

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Robert Oppenheimer.

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Enrico Fermi and their team had unleashed
the staggering power of atomic reaction

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in a way their predecessors
could only theorize about.

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Less than a month later,

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on August 6th and ninth, 1945,

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the first atomic bombs were dropped
on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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They remain
the only two such wars ever used.

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Nuclear testing, however,

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went on for decades,
such as the 1950s, when this footage.

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Was taken over the Pacific.

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Atom bomb detonated in the take up at

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the end of the war.

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Scientists
also began exploring the peaceful

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applications of nuclear energy

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that was tricked security guards,
the Atomic Energy

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Commission's laboratories in America.

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NEWSREEL cameras are permitted

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to report on how the deadly radioactivity
of atomic power is being put to work,

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not for destruction,
but for the benefit of mankind.

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The first ever nuclear reactor
to produce electricity

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started up in 1961 in Idaho.

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The experimental breeder
was admittedly very small,

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but within a few years,
the first commercial nuclear.

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Plants have begun
supplying electricity to the US.

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Russia, Japan, United Kingdom and other.

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But major accidents in.

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1979 at the Three Mile Island Power
Plant in Pennsylvania and in Chernobyl.

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Ukraine seemed to cast the shadow of doubt
over the future

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of nuclear power.

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The very name Chernobyl has
become a byword for disaster.

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Not surprising,
especially when you take into account

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that ten times more radiation
was actually released at Chernobyl.

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Than in Fukushima.

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It happened during a routine reactor

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systems test on April 26, 1986.

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A sudden and obvious, unexpected
surge of power

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that destroyed Unit four of the Soviet era

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nuclear power plant

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in the destruction and the fire
which ensued.

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Enormous amounts of radioactive
material released into the fire

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just as unforeseen.

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And they were desperate,
concerted efforts to contain

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the situation.

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Helicopters flew over the burning reactor

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for insight from above.

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This was meant to douse the fire
and any additional emissions

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of radioactive material and nuclear

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reactions.

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They also came down and built around
a square mile.

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Of pine forest in the surrounding area
to reduce contamination in the vicinity.

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And tens of thousands of people
were evacuated from the region

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within six months of the tragedy.

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And a great personal risk to the workers
involved.

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The makeshift
concrete cover was built over

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reactor four.

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The purpose of the so called Chernobyl
sarcophagus was, of course, to.

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Protect the environment, which was hoped
it would do for decades to come.

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At an emergency meeting
of the International Atomic Energy.

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Soviet officials
presented their initial accident report.

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They estimated that radioactivity
from Chernobyl

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would cause over
25,000 deaths over the following

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17 years.

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Chernobyl.

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Consequences of the catastrophe for people
and the environment wrote on three

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eminent scientists, however,
put the death toll at approximately 985.

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Thousand,

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a record of the meltdown.

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Soviet authorities sealed off the power.

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Plant within a 30 kilometers a radius.

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Hundreds of thousands of people
were evacuated.

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Some directly afterwards and many more

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in the following months,
a new sarcophagus,

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the largest movable,
manmade structure ever built

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with radiation
immediately above the reactor.

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Still much too intense for this new
enclosure to be built over the top of it.

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Nearby land.

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Was cleared and decontaminated.

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Along with bizarre personal confinement.

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There was no prostrate. It not strangled.

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The weapon was still pretty much

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treated across.

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Raqqa was castrated.

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However, these kinds of massive
engineering works

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often encounter bumps in the road.

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The revised date for its completion is now
November 2017.

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The IAEA doesn't actually keep
a complete database

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of all the nuclear accidents to date

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in 2011, however,

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The Guardian newspaper
compiled a list of 33 serious incidents

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at nuclear power plants
dating back to 1952.

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But nuclear power doesn't need
to be involved for an industrial accident

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to have tragic consequences
on an epic scale, a natural disaster

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such as a volcano

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or the worst quake is something
we have little to no control over.

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Safety in the workforce
and care for the environment.

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Are a different story.

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The Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

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Known also.

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As the BP oil spill,
began on the 20th of April 2010

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in the Gulf of Mexico,

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the Macondo prospect was a BP
owned oil rig.

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Situated some 60.

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Six kilometers from the Louisiana coast.

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On the evening of April 20th,
a surge of natural gas blasted

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through a concrete floor
intended to seal the oil well from use.

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The gas ignited on the oil rigs
platform, killing 11 workers

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and injuring 17.

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On the morning of the 22nd,

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the entire rig capsized and sank.

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As it did.

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The so called riser was ruptured.

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This critical piece of hardware.

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Is the pipe which connects the oil rig
to an offshore oil well.

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With that, oil began to discharge
into the.

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Gulf of Mexico at an alarming rate.

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And indeed, this was to become the largest

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marine oil spill of all time.

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BP executives
initially claimed the volume of oil

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escaping the damaged well was around
a thousand barrels per day.

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But the U.S. government officials.

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Claim that the leak was more like
60,000 barrels.

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Under intense
but quite justifiable pressure from the.

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U.S. government, the local population,
as well as environmentalists.

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And indeed the watching world.

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BP tried to seal the leak in various ways.

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First, the supposedly infallible.

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Blowout preventer malfunctioned.

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The containment dome in
May didn't work either.

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The method, called top kill,
in which mud is drilled

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and pumped into the well,
also failed to stem the flow.

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Eventually, a method called bottom
kill was deployed, which involved

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pumping cement into the leaking
well via two

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relief wells.

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I don't understand why it took 87 days.

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It affects our whole economy
and our ecology.

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Well, it's about time.

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We should have had a backup plan
from day one.

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In the five months since it began,

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it was estimated
that 4.9 million barrels of oil

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leaked into
the Gulf is only 80,000 of those captured.

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It is hardly

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surprising then to say that the leaks
environmental impact was catastrophic,

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incalculable numbers of fish and thousands
upon thousands.

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Of birds, mammals
and sea turtles were plastered

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with oil.

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Heartbreaking pictures
of these bedraggled.

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And alien animals.

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Flashed around the world

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in. 2014.

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A New Orleans district
judge ruled that BP's gross negligence

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was chiefly responsible for the disaster,
calling their conduct.

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Reckless.

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Of course, in an industrial accident, no.

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Amount of financial compensation
will bring down

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workers back to life or safeguard
the environment.

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From the long term consequences.

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Now, a House of Commons might be.

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Appropriate to take.

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But you certainly wouldn't
want to work in a real one.

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But in April 2013, in Bangladesh.

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Thousands of factory workers found out
that's exactly where they were toiling.

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Like boom

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and bust as a way to give us

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hope.

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First of all, that

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does go to our little bit about hope

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for the global economy of.

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The run up

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and survival industrial myself
on the outskirts of the capital.

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These were workers turned away.

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From Western designer
clothing for as little

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as $40 a month.

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It sounds miserable enough,
but the sweatshop conditions

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turned into a hell on us when the building
seemed to implode from within.

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Survivor accounts were similar
to those of earthquake survivors.

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There was a loud cracking noise.

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A concrete floor under their feet
began to shift, and then concrete

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beams collapsed under their own weight.

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Worse still.

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Some workers expressed concern

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that the walls of the building.

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And some of the.

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Offices of the plant
had the sense to lose.

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At the factory, workers were told
they wanted to hold onto their jobs.

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You have to keep your.

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Price just high now.

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I did.

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Merchandizing is about every building
they make up.

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They need to begin. I'm not.

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I'm not buying anything because I.

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Like.

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To search for the dead.

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And a month later,
with a death toll from 1121

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2000, found for a few dozen lives each

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collapse has gone on record
as one of the deadliest disasters

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in the history of the garment industry.

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The factory collapse came
only a few months after factory farming in

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Bangladesh, 112 years

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removed from making shorts
and sweaters for Western consumers

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disasters
and the survivors was able to collapse,

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only served to illuminate the true
cost of the high street bargain.

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Bin. 30 years

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00:20:58.360 --> 00:21:01.360
after it occurred, the Bhopal gas disaster

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is still considered
the worst industrial accident of all time.

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It was the result of negligence
and incompetence on the part

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of a pesticide manufacturing.

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00:21:11.120 --> 00:21:13.120
Company and government officials.

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It was in the

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early hours of the morning of December
3rd, 1984,

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that wind carried
a great cloud of poisonous gas.

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From the Union Carbide plant and Bhopal.

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Some 40 tons of the toxic

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00:21:31.440 --> 00:21:36.880
gas, the ISO cyanide for NYC had been
accidentally released from the plant

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and it spread through the city,
poisoning everything.

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It touched the machine that I am assuming
will transfer

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to the advanced technology.

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00:21:46.280 --> 00:21:48.680
William Decker at the town

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00:21:49.040 --> 00:21:49.520
hall,

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he argues, a vital instrument
to dissipate natural lag the contaminated

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00:21:54.160 --> 00:21:59.080
air temperature indicate alarm,
go to report catching a pilot signal data

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by degree temperature.

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However, it is better to follow quality
here somewhere between

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you don't care about that instrument.

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The vital instrument

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is terrific. I am actually no relation

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to the robot now.

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Did the union get true?

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I'm no one to protest.

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00:22:19.640 --> 00:22:23.920
To this day there is disagreement
about where and how the leak was sprung.

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00:22:24.320 --> 00:22:29.440
Local activists and government officials
contend that routine pipe maintenance

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00:22:29.640 --> 00:22:36.000
created a backflow of water
which spilled into a tank of NYC.

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00:22:36.000 --> 00:22:40.320
But Union Carbide Corporation contends
water entered the tank

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after an act of sabotage.

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00:22:45.240 --> 00:22:47.520
Whoever was ultimately responsible,

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00:22:47.520 --> 00:22:49.760
the result was a nightmare without end.

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00:22:50.560 --> 00:22:55.560
Over 10,000
people were estimated to have died.

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00:22:55.560 --> 00:22:58.920
As residents
woke up to clouds of a suffocating gas,

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00:22:59.200 --> 00:23:02.440
they began running through
the darkened streets to local hospitals

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00:23:03.720 --> 00:23:07.680
by the time they got there out of breath
and often blinded as well.

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00:23:08.080 --> 00:23:13.000
The damage was already done.

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00:23:13.000 --> 00:23:17.320
The muscles, brains, lungs
and eyes, the gastro intestinal,

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00:23:17.440 --> 00:23:20.400
neurological,
reproductive and immune systems.

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00:23:20.400 --> 00:23:27.840
Of the survivors were affected. The

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00:23:29.000 --> 00:23:30.840
learning following the leak from the.

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00:23:30.840 --> 00:23:35.040
Bhopal streets near the gas
plant were like a scene from a horror film

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00:23:35.400 --> 00:23:46.920
with the difference that the carnage
and devastation was all too.

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00:23:47.040 --> 00:23:49.080
In many ways.

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00:23:49.080 --> 00:23:50.120
People are worse.

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00:23:50.120 --> 00:23:52.640
Than they were
on the morning of the disaster.

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00:23:53.720 --> 00:23:55.200
There are at least 100.

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00:23:55.200 --> 00:23:58.280
And 50,000 people with chronic illnesses

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00:23:58.280 --> 00:24:01.440
as a result of their exposure
to the toxic gases.

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00:24:02.320 --> 00:24:06.800
And now we know that the next generation
is also marked

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00:24:06.800 --> 00:24:10.920
by Union Carbide poisons.

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00:24:11.880 --> 00:24:13.800
To this day, December 3rd.

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00:24:13.800 --> 00:24:17.080
Remains the day of mourning
in the Bhopal province,

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00:24:17.480 --> 00:24:20.760
and the environmental impact
will take many, many years

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00:24:20.840 --> 00:24:23.560
to be forgotten.

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00:24:25.040 --> 00:24:26.280
Some value.

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00:24:26.640 --> 00:24:31.360
There are disasters
and there are tragedies.

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Stories of desperate animals
which seem, as

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00:24:35.920 --> 00:24:39.800
we have touched on before,
the effects of natural disasters can be

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catastrophic.

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The source of so much remembrance of.

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00:24:44.760 --> 00:24:45.320
The state

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00:24:47.160 --> 00:24:49.560
speaks to your competence and.

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00:24:49.560 --> 00:24:53.480
Negligence
in making certain that these nuclear

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00:24:53.480 --> 00:24:56.760
and industrial accidents,
especially tragedy

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in the wake of such tragedy.

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00:24:59.880 --> 00:25:03.560
There is always recrimination
and pursuit of retribution.

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00:25:04.320 --> 00:25:04.920
The question.

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00:25:04.920 --> 00:25:07.080
What has been most mentally

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00:25:12.840 --> 00:25:13.920
and effective

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00:25:14.280 --> 00:25:16.360
towards safety

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00:25:16.360 --> 00:25:54.400
with this?