WEBVTT

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My name is Terry 

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Shepherd and I will be your guide
 into the world of close quarters battle.

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I'm a current U.S. 

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Army Green Beret, and I have fought
 in two armed conflicts in the Middle East.

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Initially, I was trained to fight in
 the European theater to protect the U.S.

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and its Western allies
 from the Soviet Union.

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During the heart of a Cold War. 

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As a Green Beret,
 I had to learn an Eastern Bloc language

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and be prepared to infiltrate behind enemy
 lines, to link up with train and fight

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alongside Partizans to defeat the Red Army
 in their very own backyard.

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In other words, I had to be really good
 at guerrilla warfare.

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Although the Cold War is technically over, 

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we now face a new global
 conflict terrorism.

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To combat this threat,
 I've got to be an expert in the techniques

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of close quartered battle. 

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Together, we'll explore how elite soldiers
 and police units use

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these specific techniques,

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weapons and technologies 

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to defeat their enemies
 at very close range.

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The term close quarter
 battle is used to describe scenarios

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that police and military face
 in both urban and rural environments.

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Although the origin of close quartered
 battle goes back to sword fighting

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and head to head combat today, it's used
 primarily to describe the techniques

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when small teams are confronting the enemy
 inside a building or within a compound.

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Stairwells, hallways and rooms always pose
 dangerous and unknown variables.

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From basic muzzle awareness, weapons
 transitions to silent communication,

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all police and military units
 need to be as good as they can

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possibly be at close quarters. Battle.

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In today's episode, we'll take a look
 at the conflict in Bosnia

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when it declared independence
 from former Yugoslavia.

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We will look at the use of snipers
 in this conflict

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and also the employment of remote infrared
 indicators used for air strikes.

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I'll be firing some high powered
 sniper rifles and looking at

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some of the equipment used by snipers
 during the fighting in Bosnia.

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Yugoslavia has a long and bloody history
 of being the flashpoint

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for conflicts in Europe, 

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dating back hundreds of years
 after the fall of the Soviet Union.

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The breakup of Eastern Europe
 and the consequent internal separation

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of Yugoslavia. The international community
 was once again pulled into

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a bloody struggle. 

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This complicated conflict
 has layered political,

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ethnic and religious motivations
 by various sides,

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but at the core of it are many examples
 of close quarters. Battle.

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After one particularly
 bloody incident, the U.N.

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requested that Natal become involved
 by way of airstrikes on certain targets

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held by the Bosnian-Serb army
 in various parts of the city of Sarajevo

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became known as sniper alleys,
 where snipers would control

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foot traffic of soldiers, peacekeepers
 and even civilians.

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Although NATO's used airstrikes primarily
 to target larger fortified positions,

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it's also suspected that buildings
 where snipers were firing from

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were also targeted by airstrikes. 

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The process of marking
 a target building is done in various ways.

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In modern combat, 

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soldiers often use laser designator
 or infrared signaling devices.

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These devices, amid
 a flashing infrared light pattern

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that can be seen and tracked
 from bombers or jet fighters

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and allow the bomb to be targeted
 specifically to one location.

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Although C could be as confined to
 buildings and street to street conflict,

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the use of guided bombs
 and missiles in Bosnia by Naito is

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an example of how larger militaries
 can support c b with technology.

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I completed my Special Forces
 training in 1993, and when I did, I was

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assigned to ten Special Forces Group,
 which was the original Special Forces

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Group formed after World War Two
 when the OSC was disbanded.

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Green Berets Special Forces
 guys are oriented globally.

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So depending on what part of the world
 you're operating in,

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you will learn a language from there. 

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You'll learn the cultures and the history 

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and you going to rotate
 in and out many times. 

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So you know the people, the places
 and the terrain.

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It's funny, when the Iron Curtain
 came down, we were dealing

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with a whole new set of problems,
 not the least of which was

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what happens to all of this hardware. 

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Wherever Green Berets operate today,
 wherever they are, they know language,

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they know culture. 

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And they're ready for the idea
 of staying behind enemy lines and

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fighting a guerrilla war.

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It's also kind of 

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ironic that after I came back after 911,
 I ended up going to Europe again.

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I worked in Kosovo,
 then that part of the world, the Balkans.

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I seen a lot of conflict, 

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and you can definitely say
 it's got a very interesting history.

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Kosovo, the Balkans is beautiful country.

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When large powers withdraw. 

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Smaller factions
 will vie for territory and resources.

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In this case, religious, cultural

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and ethnic divisions
 really come to the forefront 

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and make the fighting
 very bloody and nasty.

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And old grievances are settled ruthlessly.

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In this environment,
 whether it's urban, rural

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or a combination of both,
 a sniper wields enormous power.

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One man with one gun can control
 the population, using the fear of death

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around every quarter and literally
 determine how a war is fought.

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Snipers played a crucial and terrifying
 role in the battle for Sarajevo.

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And to understand the psychology of one,
 you have to imagine how they live.

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A sniper, hide or den is a term

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used to describe a hidden location,
 either outside or in this case inside

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an abandoned building
 where a sniper essentially makes his home.

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Spending long hours
 waiting and watching his territory.

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He eats, sleeps and works from this
 location for often weeks at a time.

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A sniper hide in a building
 is usually deep back inside a room

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so that the lines of the weapon
 and the muzzle flash will not be revealed

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when the shots are taken. 

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A combination of camouflaging
 techniques are used to keep the room dark

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and to allow the sniper
 to live and move freely inside

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without revealing his position

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. The snipers in the Sarajevo conflict
 were notorious for their patience

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and cruelty and shooting civilians, often
 leaving them wounded so that others

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would be drawn to rescue them. 

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Let's take a look at a theoretical sniper
 hunting mission being conducted by NATO

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troops looking to designate a target
 for a guided missile.

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Often NATO's troops would work
 in small teams in cooperation

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with private military contractors
 or intelligence officers.

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The conflict in Bosnia was a unique
 post-Cold War conflict,

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which often put a combination of soldiers
 together that only five years previously

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might have been on opposite sides. 

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One sharpshooter with one rifle
 and some ammunition can strike fear

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into a population and control a section
 of a city for a long period of time.

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When a team sets out
 to find a sniper position,

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they often have to put themselves
 essentially into the line of fire

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before they can pinpoint
 exactly where it is.

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Often, the best way to gain 

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intelligence about a sniper
 is to see how a target is hit by them.

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The noise of the weapon,
 also referred to as a report, is one clue.

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But also the direction
 in which a body falls after being hit

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can be an indicator where
 the firing position might be located.

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In addition to this, 

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often civilians who are living in an area
 that is fired upon by snipers regularly

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have basic human intelligence
 that can help in finding that position.

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What's the team has an idea of the
 direction from which the sniper's firing

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they could begin
 to maneuver into position. 

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One of the most notorious Cold War era

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weapons found all over the world
 and often fired at U.S.

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and Western allies, is the Dragunov sniper
 rifle from Vietnam to Iraq.

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This rifle has been used by communist
 and guerrilla forces for almost 60 years.

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Chambered in 7.6, two by 54 millimeter.

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This rotating bolt gas operated 

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sniper rifle has become a formidable
 tool of many a sniper.

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Something unique in the dragunov 

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is the semi-automatic firing system
 and detachable magazine,

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which allows for speed of repeating
 shots and reloading.

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Although this is standard 

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in many sniper rifles now, it was unique
 at the time of its introduction.

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I'm going to take a look 

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at the dragunov here
 at the early training compound or not.

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Are the Czech National Police Force. 

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These guys are a rapid response
 anti-terrorist unit

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that actually accomplished
 a lot of missions as well, not the least

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of which is long range shooting,
 sniping in support of all our operations.

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So with one of their best snipers
 and trust me, these guys are good.

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I've seen the trophy wall. 

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You know what a mess
 with the high marks right there.

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Jacqui, thermometer. 

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This is Soviet rifle
 juggernaut. Yeah, yeah.

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This is caliber 762

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of 54. Okay. Yep.

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This is a very old gun. 

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And now we don't use right now.

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A few years ago, maybe you trained on it
 and it's maybe ten, 15 years of use.

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So this is the Dragunov
 sniper rifle. This is.

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This is all over the place. 

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This causes a lot of problems
 all the way through Korea, war, Vietnam.

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And we definitely see this
 in Afghanistan and Iraq.

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Guys have been pretty well trained on it. 

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It's a simple weapon, yet
 it's pretty darn reliable.

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It's very simple and in the hands of
 the right person, pretty darn effective.

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Now let's take a look
 at some additional optics and equipment

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the snipers used from range finders
 to ballistic computers.

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Snipers need to be able to understand
 and control all of the variables

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that influence a bullet
 after it leaves the barrel of the rifle.

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This is the key. 

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I'm trying to really light light
 because this is smaller.

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It's got a little less power. 

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So maybe two, 500 meters, you can get
 an exact distance outside of there.

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This is a quite strong enough.
 You need something a little bit bigger.

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Okay. Zeiss you hub and binoculars.

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The sniper scopes are great,

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but they're very narrow field
 and really difficult

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to find a target with them
 because you're constantly looking.

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But this you can scan the objective

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and boom, there it is and then you can
 go ahead and lock it on with

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something else. Excellent. So. 

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So this is just like we have this
 the kestrel. What this is.

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You can already see the wheel
 turn turning. You open this up.

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This measures wind speed.
 So it's an anemometer.

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It measures temperature, humidity
 and barometric pressure.

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Like I said earlier. 

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All that stuff combined
 can affect the bullet.

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And we're talking here
 about a game of inches, centimeters.

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We've gotten to the point
 now in the world of sniper

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that you could plug in all of this data
 from the weather, the atmospherics,

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and then a lot of the gun data,
 the scope, the height over bore

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a lot of detailed information 

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and get some really accurate information
 on how to make these shots.

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So with the ballistic computer, 

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it takes a lot of the guesswork out. 

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It takes a lot of the what you have to do
 normally in the past was constantly

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take shots from different distances
 and compile basically a data book.

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Well, the ballistic computer
 is your data book and you just add stuff

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to it, punch it in, and it's amazing.

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00:12:05.680 --> 00:12:06.800
Thanks, man. Awesome.

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Coming up, we take
 a look at the 338 lap pool rifle

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and the 50 caliber Accuracy
 International. And I fire it.

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The fourth quarter battle is a term
 used to describe

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the training of combat in buildings,
 hallways and rooms.

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Today we're looking at the conflict
 in Bosnia and how snipers terrorized urban

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areas in Sarajevo and how they were hunted
 and ultimately eliminated.

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So I'm here and we're not training
 with the Czech National Police Force.

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There's a very elite rapid response unit

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equipped to deal with terrorist threats
 and a lot of other missions.

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This is a 338 lapper. 

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00:12:50.920 --> 00:12:53.360
So that's a bigger, bigger round.

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00:12:53.360 --> 00:12:54.720
It's got a lot of power behind it. 

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A lot of guys in the community in special
 operations like the lab who are set up.

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So again, 25 Power Scope,
 this is something interesting too.

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00:13:02.440 --> 00:13:04.640
You'll see here they have a bubble level.

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This is kind of important. 

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It doesn't make that much of a difference
 close up when you start getting very,

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00:13:09.280 --> 00:13:13.520
very far range, the cat of the weapon
 can actually mess you up.

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So you want this thing
 to be exactly level.

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It's a small thing,
 but small things in the world

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of snipers make big results,
 especially if it affects here.

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00:13:23.960 --> 00:13:27.040
When it gets to 800 yards away, in meters
 away, it's a big difference.

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So that's actually really important. 

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So 338 colleague
 in the magazine Desert Pit.

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00:13:33.440 --> 00:13:35.240
So five rounds in the magazine.
 That makes sense. 

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It's a bigger thump. Your bullet. 

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00:13:37.600 --> 00:13:40.600
They've got some data here,
 which is basically what these guys can use

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00:13:40.600 --> 00:13:44.840
as a quick reference guide, looking down
 range to adjust how they use the gun.

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00:13:45.040 --> 00:13:49.240
This is effective range
 then caliber three zero. Sure.

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Yeah, 308, maybe about 700
 meters, you know,

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three, three, eight,
 maybe one kilometer, six.

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00:13:57.040 --> 00:13:59.520
This is pretty darn effective
 to a thousand meters.

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00:14:00.360 --> 00:14:01.560
That's a pretty far shot. 

234
00:14:01.560 --> 00:14:04.560
So if you can take a 1000 meter shot,
 that's a good one.

235
00:14:04.560 --> 00:14:07.600
Guys have done almost double that,
 but that's rare.

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00:14:08.240 --> 00:14:10.760
Manufactured in Great Britain
 by Accuracy International,

237
00:14:11.000 --> 00:14:14.000
the US 50 is referred
 to as an anti material rifle.

238
00:14:14.000 --> 00:14:14.920
It's effective against 

239
00:14:14.920 --> 00:14:18.480
not only enemy personnel
 but vehicles and even building structures.

240
00:14:18.960 --> 00:14:21.960
The sniper rifle fires
 the 50 caliber round from a five

241
00:14:21.960 --> 00:14:25.640
or ten round magazine with an effective
 range of one and a half kilometers.

242
00:14:25.960 --> 00:14:28.480
This weapon can truly
 reach out and touch someone.

243
00:14:29.560 --> 00:14:32.600
The 50 caliber round is so powerful
 that if it travels

244
00:14:32.600 --> 00:14:35.520
near your body without hitting you,
 it can still enjoy you,

245
00:14:35.840 --> 00:14:38.560
as the bullet carries with it
 an incredible amount of force.

246
00:14:40.240 --> 00:14:43.200
Duck. Kalashnikov. Yes. Yes.

247
00:14:43.560 --> 00:14:47.760
This is rifle caliber 250 accuracy.

248
00:14:47.800 --> 00:14:49.960
This is a material anti material call.

249
00:14:49.960 --> 00:14:51.720
This anti material weapon. 

250
00:14:51.720 --> 00:14:54.720
In case you need to see how big this is 

251
00:14:54.720 --> 00:14:57.920
a hard target. Yes. Yes. Scope of.

252
00:14:57.960 --> 00:15:01.840
Now I hope the zoom is seen before.

253
00:15:01.920 --> 00:15:05.400
That's good. But usually we use this. Ben.
 Right, Takahashi.

254
00:15:05.400 --> 00:15:09.520
This is the one that came
 that was on this. You like this?

255
00:15:09.600 --> 00:15:11.920
Yeah. Yes. Okay. Yes, I was knocked out.

256
00:15:12.120 --> 00:15:14.680
This is very good scope, Ducky.

257
00:15:15.040 --> 00:15:17.920
Built by five rounds in the mag here.

258
00:15:17.920 --> 00:15:21.720
A lot of times maximum range or maximum
 effective range.

259
00:15:21.720 --> 00:15:23.520
Those are two different things. 

260
00:15:23.520 --> 00:15:26.880
The maximum range of this,
 if I were to count this and just shoot it

261
00:15:26.880 --> 00:15:30.720
and see how far I could go is the video
 shoot of 4000 meters, you know

262
00:15:30.960 --> 00:15:34.800
, effective range, meaning how effectively
 can you use this to pinpoint

263
00:15:34.800 --> 00:15:38.760
a strike and attack a specific target
 so the maximum effective range

264
00:15:38.760 --> 00:15:42.560
will always be shorter
 than the maximum range. This bullet?

265
00:15:42.880 --> 00:15:47.440
Yeah. If only maybe for 1000

266
00:15:48.440 --> 00:15:50.400
shooting. I know
 this because we have the Barrett 

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00:15:50.400 --> 00:15:55.680
50 caliber in in America
 and it's a really mean it's a but kicker.

268
00:15:56.080 --> 00:15:57.480
You just you don't really want to shoot 

269
00:15:57.480 --> 00:15:59.680
too many of them at one time
 or half in a day. 

270
00:15:59.680 --> 00:16:03.320
And it's so strong and heavy duty
 that just it beats the crap

271
00:16:03.320 --> 00:16:05.680
out of the barrel. So.
 And you use this a lot.

272
00:16:06.760 --> 00:16:11.880
No, no, we have this gun
 for when we'll be. Big problem.

273
00:16:12.040 --> 00:16:14.320
This is kind of a contingency weapon. 

274
00:16:14.320 --> 00:16:16.320
It's big, it's heavy. 

275
00:16:16.320 --> 00:16:18.000
It's kind of a pain
 in the ass to move around. 

276
00:16:18.000 --> 00:16:21.600
But you may need this to take out
 maybe a vehicle,

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00:16:22.120 --> 00:16:25.240
an auto or even shoot through a building.

278
00:16:25.680 --> 00:16:28.920
So this isn't a normal weapon,
 you see, like sniper guys using, but

279
00:16:29.640 --> 00:16:30.800
it definitely has its application. 

280
00:16:30.800 --> 00:16:34.040
Maybe we go to Iraq or Afghanistan. Yeah.

281
00:16:34.240 --> 00:16:38.000
And then you have some, because then you
 can really go out farther to.

282
00:17:07.840 --> 00:17:11.720
Yeah. Good shot, man. Nice. 

283
00:17:22.640 --> 00:17:28.680
All right. Okay.

284
00:17:50.480 --> 00:17:53.600
Yeah. Dupree Man, that was awesome. Nice.

285
00:17:54.800 --> 00:17:56.960
Perfect, man. Perfect. Need that

286
00:17:57.960 --> 00:18:00.440
that 50 caliber gun
 really packs a thump here.

287
00:18:00.920 --> 00:18:02.520
The mistake you would make is knowing 

288
00:18:02.520 --> 00:18:05.200
that's going to come
 and kind of squeezing it, hesitating.

289
00:18:05.520 --> 00:18:06.280
None of us did that. 

290
00:18:06.280 --> 00:18:09.320
I'm actually with two of the best,
 so they're way above my level.

291
00:18:09.320 --> 00:18:11.480
But we actually all shot.
 Really? Well, I shot.

292
00:18:11.560 --> 00:18:15.040
I say I shot. Well, we're probably
 all about that much on top of each other.

293
00:18:15.040 --> 00:18:17.800
And grouping and sniper is key.

294
00:18:18.360 --> 00:18:20.240
If you have a good group
 with your weapons, 

295
00:18:20.240 --> 00:18:21.360
you know you're doing the right thing 

296
00:18:21.360 --> 00:18:23.640
because you're doing it
 consistently as a sniper.

297
00:18:23.640 --> 00:18:26.280
You want to do the same thing
 every time you make that shot,

298
00:18:26.520 --> 00:18:28.080
every time you need to. 

299
00:18:28.080 --> 00:18:30.440
Jeffrey, was crossbow shot today? Yup.

300
00:18:32.160 --> 00:18:34.440
I got lucky. Yeah. 

301
00:18:36.240 --> 00:18:40.480
Coming up, we go inside the head of a
 NATO's sniper hunting team in Sarajevo

302
00:18:43.040 --> 00:18:45.840
as they try to track down a sniper
 high and eliminate him

303
00:18:45.960 --> 00:18:48.600
using air designator. 

304
00:18:55.160 --> 00:18:57.400
Close quartered battle is a term
 used to describe

305
00:18:57.400 --> 00:19:00.320
the training of combat in buildings,
 hallways and rooms.

306
00:19:01.240 --> 00:19:04.200
Sniper and sniper.

307
00:19:06.120 --> 00:19:09.160
Today, we're looking at the conflict
 in Sarajevo and how NATO's how

308
00:19:09.160 --> 00:19:12.760
to hunt down snipers often
 hiding in abandoned apartment complexes.

309
00:19:26.720 --> 00:19:30.160
The conflict in Bosnia and Sarajevo
 was one of the first conflicts

310
00:19:30.160 --> 00:19:34.200
after the fall of the Soviet Union,
 where small arms, gun battles and street

311
00:19:34.200 --> 00:19:37.840
to street fighting in civilian areas
 lasted for an extended period of time.

312
00:19:42.560 --> 00:19:45.320
It's also one of the first examples
 where private contractors

313
00:19:45.320 --> 00:19:49.120
began working side by side with native
 forces in specialized functions

314
00:19:49.360 --> 00:19:53.240
ranging from basic maintenance force
 protection to intelligence gathering.

315
00:20:00.120 --> 00:20:03.320
Native would often have small units
 of a few internationally selected

316
00:20:03.320 --> 00:20:07.600
Special Forces operatives working in
 a team with civilian contractors,

317
00:20:07.760 --> 00:20:10.160
private contractors or intel officers.

318
00:20:14.080 --> 00:20:15.880
We tried to find a sniper hide. 

319
00:20:15.880 --> 00:20:19.560
You have to work in a similar manner
 to a police officer investigating a crime.

320
00:20:24.880 --> 00:20:27.000
And literally get into
 the head of the sniper.

321
00:20:28.840 --> 00:20:31.360
Once you enter the territory
 of a sniper's line of fire,

322
00:20:31.840 --> 00:20:35.320
you've got to watch and listen carefully
 for any information that may give away

323
00:20:35.520 --> 00:20:37.600
that position relative to where you are.

324
00:20:41.360 --> 00:20:44.240
This team responds to being fired upon
 by finding cover.

325
00:20:46.600 --> 00:20:48.200
By waiting and observing the results 

326
00:20:48.200 --> 00:20:51.160
of the sniper firing on other military
 personnel and civilians,

327
00:20:51.600 --> 00:20:54.520
they begin to get an understanding
 of where he might be positioned.

328
00:21:11.680 --> 00:21:12.560
The team utilized 

329
00:21:12.560 --> 00:21:16.840
the three rules of CHP while taking action
 to find and eliminate the sniper

330
00:21:18.000 --> 00:21:21.680
surprise. The team
 works to turn the snipers advantage around

331
00:21:21.960 --> 00:21:25.640
so they can surprise his position
 unexpectedly. Speed.

332
00:21:26.200 --> 00:21:27.680
Once they have his position roughly 

333
00:21:27.680 --> 00:21:31.160
located, they fire maneuver in a two
 by two covering formation,

334
00:21:31.440 --> 00:21:34.600
leapfrogging and bounding towards
 that position to maintain that speed.

335
00:21:35.640 --> 00:21:36.960
Violence of action. 

336
00:21:36.960 --> 00:21:39.960
The team uses the final principle
 of violence of action

337
00:21:40.160 --> 00:21:42.600
by eliminating the target
 with focused force.

338
00:21:42.760 --> 00:21:45.560
Once they've reached that position. 

339
00:21:49.480 --> 00:21:50.760
Let's take a look at an overview 

340
00:21:50.760 --> 00:21:54.440
of how a typical sniper can be located
 and eliminated by the military.

341
00:21:54.840 --> 00:21:58.120
As the team approaches, they're fired
 upon from an unknown location.

342
00:21:58.400 --> 00:22:01.160
They seek immediate cover
 and observe as they observe

343
00:22:01.160 --> 00:22:03.960
additional military personnel
 and civilians being engaged.

344
00:22:04.320 --> 00:22:08.040
They can respond quickly to locate
 and eliminate the target by moving through

345
00:22:08.040 --> 00:22:12.040
covert in concealed positions, inside
 structures and splitting the two teams.

346
00:22:12.480 --> 00:22:14.240
They can eliminate
 any additional personnel 

347
00:22:14.240 --> 00:22:16.240
that might be guarding
 the sniper position. 

348
00:22:16.240 --> 00:22:18.880
When the NAITO team moves
 to locate the sniper directly.

349
00:22:19.000 --> 00:22:21.640
They find that the building
 is set with traps and trip wires.

350
00:22:22.320 --> 00:22:25.480
They decide instead to call in
 an airstrike on the entire abandoned

351
00:22:25.480 --> 00:22:27.400
building. The team moves out of the target 

352
00:22:27.400 --> 00:22:30.640
building and leaves a small infrared
 indicator on the ground outside.

353
00:22:30.960 --> 00:22:32.160
This blinks in a pattern 

354
00:22:32.160 --> 00:22:36.120
which allows a circling bomber or jet
 to track a missile right to the position

355
00:22:37.360 --> 00:22:39.760
as soon as they have removed themselves
 to a safe distance.

356
00:22:40.080 --> 00:22:43.560
The air strike is called and the entire
 building is level to the ground.

357
00:22:45.520 --> 00:22:48.840
Coming up, we take another
 look into our QB scenario.

358
00:22:49.600 --> 00:22:52.600
We now have a better understanding
 of how Naito worked to help

359
00:22:52.600 --> 00:22:56.080
the civilian population of Sarajevo
 eliminate the sniper threat.

360
00:23:04.320 --> 00:23:06.640
The fourth quarter battle is a term
 used to describe

361
00:23:06.640 --> 00:23:09.520
the training of combat in buildings,
 hallways and rooms.

362
00:23:14.240 --> 00:23:18.400
In today's episode, we're looking at
 how snipers in Sarajevo were caught

363
00:23:18.760 --> 00:23:22.520
and how marking a building or area
 with an infrared designator can help

364
00:23:22.520 --> 00:23:28.520
overwhelm your seeker b enemy
 with violence of action right behind.

365
00:23:31.320 --> 00:23:33.960
The snipers in Sarajevo
 struck terror in the hearts

366
00:23:33.960 --> 00:23:37.040
of both the residents and the natal
 personnel living in the city.

367
00:23:38.800 --> 00:23:41.280
We returning to our
 Scooby scenario to watch

368
00:23:41.440 --> 00:23:44.800
as a team of NATO's Special Forces
 operatives and Intel officers

369
00:23:45.120 --> 00:23:48.720
hunt down and eliminate a sniper
 in an abandoned apartment complex.

370
00:23:53.040 --> 00:23:54.800
The process of moving from one position 

371
00:23:54.800 --> 00:23:58.680
to another is known as fire and maneuver. 

372
00:24:04.400 --> 00:24:07.480
One of the most effective means
 is known as bounding overwatch.

373
00:24:08.080 --> 00:24:10.840
It involves the four man team
 breaking into a two

374
00:24:10.840 --> 00:24:14.600
by two covering formation
 as they leapfrog each other, maintaining,

375
00:24:14.600 --> 00:24:18.400
covering positions as they move
 and fixing the enemy in his position.

376
00:24:19.240 --> 00:24:22.800
One team can either supply covering fire
 to distract a potential enemy,

377
00:24:23.080 --> 00:24:25.840
or they can prepare
 to actually return fire from them.

378
00:24:28.560 --> 00:24:30.200
As they discover and enter the building 

379
00:24:30.200 --> 00:24:34.320
where he is hiding, they find booby
 trapped explosives and decide to retreat.

380
00:24:39.960 --> 00:24:41.160
As they withdraw, 

381
00:24:41.160 --> 00:24:43.320
they leave behind an infrared indicator.

382
00:24:45.480 --> 00:24:48.480
Once they distance themselves
 from the area, they could call it

383
00:24:48.480 --> 00:24:51.560
an air strike that uses the air indicator
 to attract a missile

384
00:24:51.560 --> 00:24:52.960
or bomb into the building. 

385
00:24:52.960 --> 00:24:55.280
The snipers hiding it. 

386
00:25:00.240 --> 00:25:04.160
Today we learned about how snipers
 were used in the conflict in Sarajevo.

387
00:25:05.040 --> 00:25:08.400
We visited an anti-terror scout
 sniper team and fired

388
00:25:08.400 --> 00:25:12.160
the 50 caliber accuracy
 international anti material sniper rifle.